Essay Cold War Social Changes free essay sample

What social changes were produces to residents in the United States during the Cold War? The Cold War started on account of a discussion between two world superpowers, the United States and the USSR. The USSR worked as Communist government and the United States worked with Capitalism. After the United States wound up winning the Cold War and the Soviet Union fallen, the United States turned into the main world superpower and still is today. That rolls out tremendous social improvement in American culture. Social developments start to show up, which battled for self-assurance and uniformity The individual is political. (Joan D. 2012) That’s an expression that speaks to the new social change in US during the 60s and 70s; the Womens Liberation Movement was one of them. During the 60s, ladies were reject initiative positions and exercises were denied and they didn’t have any acknowledgment earned. By the center of 1960s, ladies begin to respond and persuade themselves to dissent for their privileges. We will compose a custom article test on Article Cold War Social Changes or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page First in the social equality development, with an announcement composed by Mary King and Casey Hayden, and in the counter war development ‘‘women radicals started to request value and regard as activists. ’ According to Reich, Western progress, or free enterprise government, had caused individuals to get some information about sexual ethical quality. Be that as it may, on account of different present day social and logical associations or gatherings, sexuality will be just because a wellspring of data and will bring full human self-rule. The main anti-conception medication pill, went available inâ 1960. As indicated by Nancy L, after five years, 6 million American ladies were on the Pill. Adolescents or youthful grown-ups were the genuine warriors on this sexual transformation. They were the once who assumed control over their sexuality. Theâ hippieâ was an initially subculture across the United Statesâ during the 60s. They just because experience the biggest uncontrolled pestilence with medications all things considered. Youll burrow it, its cool.  Was the reason for them to expend all sort of medications and get high. They feel that you were made to appreciate life as far as possible, without any second thoughts. That was opportunity for them. Another large development that hipsters begin to help was the gay marriage. Individuals begin to feel with more freedom to pick with whom they need to consume their time on earth. The law may not consider their relationships authentic, however the couples that wedded absolutely did. Private enterprise message is: be free and uncover yourself. To be or would whatever you like to do, as long as you don’t damage the privilege of others. The privilege of other is the normal furthest reaches of your opportunity. Interestingly, in communism the state figures out which practices are endorsed or not thinking in the ‘‘common good’’. Cohen, N. L. (20 de February de 2013). How the Sexual Revolution Changed America Forever. Obtenido de Alternet: http://www. alternet. organization/story/153969/how_the_sexual_revolution_changed_america_forever Holz, M. (20 de February de 2012). Whatever Happened to the Sexual Revolution? Obtenido de Processedworld: http://www. processedworld. com/Issues/issue18/i18what. htm Mandle, J. D. (20 de February de 2013). How Political is the Personal? : Identity Politics, Feminism and Social Change. Obtenido de WMST-L: http://userpages. umbc. edu/~korenman/wmst/identity_pol. html sexology, M. h. (20 de February de 2013). THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION. Obtenido de Magnus hirschfeld chronicle for sexology: http://www2. hu-berlin. de/sexology/ATLAS_EN/html/the_sexual_revolution. html Stone, S. (20 de February de 2012). Hipsters amp; Drugs. Obtenido de Hipplanet. : http://www. hipplanet. com/books/atoz/drugs. htm

Significance of the lifting Dont Ask Dont Tell Policy

Presentation On September 20, 2011, the official arrangement that banned open revelation of one’s sexuality by US gay military work force was lifted by the United States authorities.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Significance of the lifting Don’t Ask Don’t Tell Policy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The don’t ask, don’t tell (DADT) strategy received on December 21, 1993, disallowed the country’s military power from acting unjustifiably against closeted administration individuals or enlisted people that are not straight, while precluding self admission of gay, lesbian, or swinger people in the service. The reservations became, following the sanctioning of the United States government law, right around two decades back. Further, the approach banished people who show practices that give the impression of taking part in same sex connections from the military, in light of the fact that enduring them could water down the adequacy of the power (O’Keefe, 2011). Be that as it may, the end of DADT is relied upon to influence the gathering of the gay network in the country’s military. The paper investigates the general ramifications of lifting the DADT approach in the United States. Johnson (2011) accepts the US congress passed a bill planned for maintaining DADT, during its late 2010 sittings with the point of looking for a confirmation from the head of express, his guard Secretary, and the most elevated positioning military authorities such that the abrogation of the strategy would not disable the adequacy of the country’s military work force. Further, the bill additionally accommodated two-month time span inside which the appraisal of the circumstance would be done. On July 6, 2011, a government jury halted further usage of the military’s reservations on self admitted or known gay fighters. The conclusion to DADT strategy, embraced by the previous president Bill Clinton organization, was almost there on July 22 2011, when President Barack Obama, Admiral Mike Mullen who is the executive of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Secretary of Defense Leon Panetta formally requested that Congress reevaluate its position (O’Keefe, 2011).Advertising Looking for inquire about paper on government? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Whereas a few Americans despite everything accept the strategy was rashly ended, others particularly the gay officers inhaled a moan of help naming the improvement long past due. President Obama expects more votes from the gay network to improve his re-appointment offer after his detailed worry for the sexual privileges of the minority gathering. One month since DADT was lifted, a few military faculty have straightforwardly announced on various events that they are gay (Thompson, 2011). Notwithstanding the respite, gay rights backers and military bos s didn't anticipate that a major level of fighters should come out transparently about their sexuality, rather they anticipated that greater part will quietly move toward partners, senior officials, family units and buddies beforehand unaware of their conduct. It is outstanding, however; that the most recent opportunity in military enrolling grounds will be of less worry regarding the sexuality of the newcomers (Dao, 2011). Other Western states could likewise endure gay military officials in future. End Generally, the lifting of the DADT approach in September 2011 roused gay military officials, who had recently kept their sexuality mystery to transparently come out and pronounce their genuine self. The denial of the arrangement quickly activated more crusades by gay activists, who are recently straightforwardly handing out free gay writing in military camps. The magazines contain fine subtleties of gay troopers. Distributers demonstrate that the military officials whose points of in terest are caught in the distributions chipped in their individual subtleties, including that they were full mindful that no corrective measure would be focused at them for their condition. Provocative and private, writing offering subtleties of how various military officials endeavored day by day, to practice their nationalism by devoting their energies to the guard of their country and smothering individual deep longing to go into gay connections. References Dao, J. (2011/09/19). Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Ends This Week With Celebrations, Revelations and Questions. New York Times. Recovered from https://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/09/19/dont-ask-dont-tell-closes this-week-with-festivities disclosures and-questions/Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Significance of the lifting Don’t Ask Don’t Tell Policy explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Johnson, K.B. (2011). Farewell to All That. Time, 178(13), 34-35. O’ Keefe, E. (2011/09/30). Gay weddings can be performed by military clergymen, Pentagon says. Washington Post. Recovered from https://www.washingtonpost.com/web journals/government eye/post/gay-weddings-can-be-performed-by-military-clergymen pentagon-says/2011/09/30/gIQA0hX19K_blog.html Thompson, M. (2011). Yes, Aye: Heeding Congress, Navy Reverses Course. Time, 177(21), 14. This exploration paper on Significance of the lifting Don’t Ask Don’t Tell Policy was composed and put together by client Amphibian to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Marketing Strategy Essay Example for Free

Showcasing Strategy Essay Talk about the sort of item the organization will offer and recognize its essential attributes The kind of item the organization will offer is an arm band called Life Alert band. The attributes of this gadget are size and the usability alongside a lifetime ensure. The Life Alert band is light and versatile that nobody will even know it’s on their wrist. It’s the size of a thick elastic band and comes in various wrist sizes. It has one simple to get to fasten with a crisis symbol that solitary should be pushed once to alarm the Life Alert call community in case of a crisis. The arm band has a few shrouded sensors that screen a person’s heartbeat and glucose and remotely sends this data to the Life Alert observing focuses. In the event that a change is distinguished in any of the screens the arm bands imparts a sign to the communities for sure fire activity. The Life Alert clinical advisors promptly call the patient to check whether they are alright. On the off chance that no reaction is gotten they dispatch crisis responders immediately. The wristbands utilizes streak memory to keep the gadget thin and adaptable. It has an adaptable band that can twist somewhat. The material of the arm band is a made of hard elastic that secures the gadgets and its sensors. The wristband requires a one-time arrangement much like a mobile phone must be modified by Life Alert so as to guarantee correspondence is happening with their checking focuses. The gadget has wifi worked in for nearby correspondence. Clients who have a remote system can peruse legitimately to the wristband utilizing an internet browser. This gives them access to all the data the arm band is recording. Examine the item marking methodology Business person magazine expresses that a marking methodology is the means by which, what, where, when and to whom you plan on imparting and conveying on your image messages. Where you promote is a piece of your image methodology (Enterpreneur, 2011). For this situation a brand is name that customers partner with a gadget or administration. Life Alert has numerous gadgets, all which uncovered its name on it. For instance remote organizations such ATT sell mobile phones from various produces yet every one of them have the name ATT on them and their logo. This goes for any huge organization that sells various items regardless of whether the items are produced by another organization. Another genuine model is Apple. Mac has mp3 players, work areas, PCs, and other PC peripherals, all have the Apple logo on them. In this way, the marking approach for the Life Alert arm band will be the umbrella marking approach. The umbrella methodology will assist Life With cautioning in advancing their well known name much further. In a study taken by ACNielsen International Research, 87% of Life Alert individuals said that Life Alert’s assurance is a principle or significant factor in their choice to prop living at home instead of up to a retirement organization (lifealert911, 2011). Life Alert individuals on a normal burn through 6 additional years living alone as a result of their administrations. The arm band won't just upgrade their product offering however draw in more clients. The presentation of this arm band will build their client base and possibly bid to the individuals who have a genuine disease. The arm band will turn into the fundamental substance of the product offering with Life Alert’s name and logo. Examine how the item fits inside a product offering and the profundity and expansiveness of the line. Life Alert’s arm band is an exceptional item that has cut a specialty in the clinical gadgets industry. It fits into social insurance items that offer crisis administrations for observing and tending to wellbeing related issues. It tends to a void in the business and plans to help freedom in matured grown-ups by giving best in class observing and crisis administrations. The unmistakable part of the Life Alert arm band is that it is both widens and strengthens in scope as far as its broadness and profundity. It fits well into the product offering Life Alert offers. It’s an expansion of the present item contributions. A portion of the usefulness the arm band offers cross’s over to other item classes. For instance the arm band currently gets serious with blood glucose meters. In any case, the wristband expands the profundity and expansiveness of the organization. Clarify how the item and target showcase procedures fit with the hierarchical system. The hierarchical technique is based around a couple of key elements. The company’s business area is unmistakably characterized and is engaged towards Mature 50+ grown-ups who wish to carry on with an autonomous way of life. The components that are considered are fundamentally land area, age, retirement way of life and clinical needs. The system is successful as it focuses on a couple of key item and ervices. Life alert utilizes specialty advertising to devise an item system focused on that objectives develop 50+ grown-ups living for the most part in Florida, which is a famous retirement goal, who are right now carrying on with a resigned way of life and want a level of freedom and who might possibly have explicit clinical needs. The Life Alert arm band fits into the hierarchical system for Life Alert. Presenting the arm band will set the position in the market. The authoritative system for Life Alert is to be most creative organization in helping the old. Life Alert can exploit its current authoritative system to help and market the arm band. The organization can additionally grow its enhanced arrangement of administrations by utilizing its current framework and the multifaceted utilization of its center assets. By including and developing existing item contributions the organization can diminish cost and expand return on assets. Life ready wristband can use the foundation for Life Alert Necklace, security, checking and crisis reaction administrations with minor increments. These administrations utilize a similar center hierarchical set up, which is the checking focus, which amplifies administration offering with negligible speculation. The promoting system remembers Ads for nearby papers or specialty distributions, Opt-in sites that utilize catchphrases to associate with potential clients, standard mail crusades, too exposure through Television created for develop crowds. The wristband can be fused under these current promoting instruments since it’s coordinated towards a similar objective crowd. The simplicity of competitors’ passage into Life Alert’s showcase section is insignificant as the organization utilizes a productive plan of action where clients pay an underlying set-up charge for the frameworks and the organization creates incomes every month through membership based observing expenses. The organization additionally disperses clinical ready framework to in excess of 300 affiliates and is one of the biggest discount clinical caution merchants in the country, with more than 200,000 clinical ready gadgets in administration. The arm band can be an aide to the current portfolio and utilize a similar checking framework and dissemination systems being used. The business system likewise bolsters advancement and item improvement and at present just two or three organizations offer a clinical caution with two-way voice. With an extra help, for example, the arm band the organization will be a stride in front of its rivals and can use its RD financial plan to help the new item. The company’s capacity to tweak administrations and advertising distinctive value focuses for bundles will permit clients to utilize the arm band with other Life Alert items and administrations. The new item adjusts well to the company’s hierarchical methodology and a similar promoting technique can be applied towards the Life Alert arm band.

Gold Coast Bulletin Fun Run Promotional Strategy - 2750 Words

Gold Coast Bulletin Fun Run: A Promotional Strategy and Evaluation (Research Paper Sample) Content: Gold Coast Bulletin Fun Run: A Promotional Strategy and Evaluation(Student's Name)(Institution's Name) * An Executive SummaryThis paper intends to assess various aspects of the event titled Gold Coast Bulletin Fun Run. This unique event is held once a year and it serves as both entertaining and healthy event. For such an efficient event like this, a strong promotional plan needs to be developed. Therefore, we have to look deep into every dimension of this event and set specific perspectives.B. Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u A. An Executive Summary2B. Table of Contents.........................................................................................................21.0. Introduction3 1.1. Background of Gold Coast Bulletin Fun Run3 1.2. Objective of the Event3 1.3. The Event's Scope32.0. An Internal Analysis of the Event43.0. An External Analysis of the Event5 3.1. SWOT5 3.2. PEST6 3.3. The Event's SMART Objectives74.0. Th e Target Markets9 4.1 The Primary Targets9 4.2. The Secondary Targets9 4.3. The Tertiary Targets95.0. The Strategies for Promotion106.0. The Plan for the Action117.0. The Budget for the Promotion128.0. The Evaluation of the SMART Objectives149.0. Conclusion14 References15 1 Introduction 1 Background of Gold Coast Bulletin Fun RunGold Coast Bulletin Fun Run is a popular and famous event in Australia. This event gives scope to people of all ages and of all backgrounds to take part in. This event is a racing event that ends at a popular and iconic place named Cbus Super Stadium. Common individuals, families, athletes, kids -- all of them register themselves as participants in this elite and prestigious competition that is held once in a year. This event is scheduled to take place on 17th April of the current year ( 2016 ). It would be a compact and fun-packed event. The sponsors will try their heart and soul to make this event a successful one. Like every year, Gold Coast Bulletin Fun Run will win every Australian heart this year also. 2 Objective of the EventThe Gold Coast Bulletin Fun Run is not organized without any proper reason, cause, or objective. The primary objective is to engage people in a fun-packed event so that they can have fun with their families and friends. People have huge scope to register their name along with the names of their family members or friends. In this way, they can ensure themselves a good quality time. The secondary objective is to promote health and spread health consciousness. Everyone knows that running is a healthy exercise, but a handful of people are accustomed to the habit of running regularly. The organizers want to convey the message to the people that running does not only help you to keep yourself fit but it also help you to keep away diseases. The third objective is to engage the entire community. If an entire community takes part in this event, then it would be ensured that the communication g ap ( if any ) would be reduced among them. That particular community will feel connected through this unique event and it will help to maintain harmony. 3 The Event's ScopeThe event targets on multiple objectives. If these objectives are met, then harmony and peaceful progress will be ensured. People of every age and class will be allowed to take part in this event. As a result, Gold Coast Bulletin Fun Run will connect people from diverse social backgrounds and diverse age groups. Health is the most valuable wealth of human beings. This motto influences the organizers to arrange such a unique event that promotes a healthy society. As there is nothing to lose for participating in this event, it can be hopefully stated that every person will probably try to engage themselves in this event one way or the other. Whatever it may be, the event will surely and strongly promote health through the medium of running and it will also help to strengthen the harmony between various communities. 2 An Internal Analysis of the EventEvery event demands an effective and in-depth analysis to determine the possible strengths and weaknesses of the event CITATION Cad14 \l 1033 (Cadle, Eva, Hindle, Paul, 2014). In order to analyze this event in such a way, it is extremely recommended that we should deeply analyze the implications of this event, what this event offers actually, and where this event might fall short of its expectations. The implications and the services of this event help us to recognize the following strengths:a) Establishes harmony among multiple diverse communities and their members.b) Connects people from every corner of the country.c) Allows the families to have a fun time with their close and near ones.d) Ensures that the adults and the kids can share the same stage of fun at the same time.e) The event has gained a good reputation among the people of Australia.But, the scope of this event has some deficiencies too. Here are some of those:i) Inability to promot e this event throughout the globe. This event is confined within one particular country. People from other countries may be aware of this event, but the event would be more successful if it would engage people from all over the world.ii) The event promotes running. But running is not the only solution to build a healthy society. If this event could include varied and diverse sections of participation, then it would attract more people.iii) The promotional strategies lack perfection at some points. Though the event is promoted through all possible mediums, the promotional tactics, and the marketing policies fail to attract people due to their deficiencies at some points.These strengths and weaknesses are the major characteristics of this event. These points ensure the success or failure of an event. But, it is evident that in spite of multiple weaknesses, this event has come out as a strong one over the years. 3 An External Analysis of the EventThis event is regarded as one of the ma jor events in Australia. Therefore, we have to analyze this event from different viewpoints. These viewpoints might be internal and external. But it is proved that external factors have more impact than internal factors CITATION Jen15 \l 1033 (Jenkins Williamson, 2015). So, we have to develop an in-depth analysis of those external factors that might influence this event or might have a great impact on it. 4 SWOTThe SWOT analysis looks into the various aspects of this event such as its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats using all possible relevant data CITATION Fin09 \l 1033 (Fine, 2009). Therefore, this SWOT analysis effectively helps us to evaluate and assess multiple dimensions of the Gold Coast Bulletin Fun Run.Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Strong reputation in the country Confined within a country. It is regarded as a local event. Establish harmony among various communities and their members. Other events are emerging and gaining rapid, huge reputa tion. Ability to connect people from diverse backgrounds Focuses on only running. It does not include any other physical exercise. It is not multi-disciplinary in terms of its offered segments. Effective and efficient promotion of a healthy society and a healthy lifestyle. People often look upon this event as an ineffective one because it does not promote diverse physical activities. Ensure that all the family members can have fun at the same time Weak promotional tactics that fail to attract every kind of people. Opportunity for family fun, and fun with other close people. This opportunity is not provided by many events. Other events are adopting strong and potential promotional strategies that people are feeling much attractive. Therefore, those events are threatening the success of this particular event. 5 PESTAnother determining and influencing factor is the PEST analysis. This analysis allows us to assess the event through more broad and specific dimensions like political, eco nomic, social, and technological factors CITATION Mil11 \l 1033 (Miller, Vandome, McBrewster, 2011). These factors indeed have a huge impact on the organization and arrangement of the event. * Political influence:This event does not primarily have any political hazards. The local political authority helps and supports the organizing authority as much as possible. There is not any notable political interference that may cause any barrier or pose any obstacle to the success of this event. Though the tax policy indeed has a significant event, but that is compulsory and inevitable. * Economic factor:The economic factor is indeed a segment to evaluate carefully. The organizing authority spends a huge amount of money in arranging the event successfully. The authority has to import many goods and products to make this event more successful. All these factors have a huge impact on the successful arrangement of this event. * Social factorThe Gold Coast Bulletin Fun Run allows diverse commu nities and varied individuals to participate in an event simultaneously. This opportunity allows the society to grow a communal and social harmony. Participation of all the family members ensures that those family members come closer to each other and have more understanding among themselves. To be precise, this event covers all possible social aspects that can connect each and every one. * Technological factorThe organizing authority also has a great focus on various technological aspects. The whole marathon or the whole event is telecasted on a giant screen inside the stadium. The gates of the stadium are decorated with various technological items like flashing lights. All these actors and items make this event more attractive and ...

Summary Of Texas Woman s University - 1086 Words

Kenya Freeman Dr. Moore English 1013 22 September 2014 Coming to TWU (Texas Woman’s University) this fall for college was a good decision on my part. Not only are the staff and faculty helpful but they are also there when you need them. When I came on move in day I learned that my LLC (Living Learning Community) had a PA (Peer Advisor) and an RA (Resident Assistant). Rachel (the PA) was and is always there when I need her and had never let me down, and even though it is her job as a PA you can tell that she really does enjoy what she does and likes helping others. Becoming a PA is a way to not only help the new incoming students but also a way to know and interact with the new residents, which is exactly why Rachel decided to become one, â€Å"I wanted to interact with the residents and get to know them but not on the same level as an RA.† There is a huge difference between being an RA and being a PA, well at least to me there is. A PA links residents to academic resources on the campus and helps the residents’ transition from high school level to college level. PAs serve as permanent extra resources that are available 24/7; if you do not know how to study or build up your study habits they are there to help you with that. Not only are the PAs living in the dorms with residents but they also share and serve as teacher assistants in the UNIV 1231 course with the residents they are assigned to. The PAs are almost like academic advisors in a way, they assist the residents withShow MoreRelatedThe Changes in the Role of Women through out Different Eras1381 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in the Victorian era start to explore their sexuality and share it; for example, prostitutes become popular in this time period. In the 1920’s, women give a new name to themselves by completely separating from the role of the loyal wife, completely embracing their sexuality and not afraid to flaunt it. Thus, from the early Puritan era to the 1920’s, women progressively transform from wallflowers to self-advocates and attain a stronger social position in a world dominated by man through acquiringRead MoreRwanda Genocide : The First Conviction1264 Words   |  6 Pagesgender issues and assistance to victims at the ICTR, talks about five women from Taba who testified in the Akayesu case. They were all victims of rape, each of them with their own tragic story. Ngendahayo shared the story to two women saying â€Å"One woman was raped by forty men, and another heard her twelve year old daughter being raped saying ‘pl ease forgive me I will never be a Tutsi again’† (â€Å"Interviews with†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Many victims, just like these women, testified about rape and sexual violence, whichRead MoreThe Fifth Amendment : Self-Incrimination In The Fifth Amendment1040 Words   |  5 Pagesis often known as taking the fifth. One of the most historical cases in regards to the Fifth Amendment is Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966). In March of 1963, Ernesto Miranda was charged with the kidnapping and rape of an eighteen-year-old woman in the Phoenix, Arizona. After interrogation, Miranda signed a statement, confessing to the murder. Conversely, Miranda was never advised of his right. Miranda’s attorney attempted to get the statement thrown out at trial. Nevertheless, Miranda wasRead MoreConcealed Handgun Licenses On College Campuses1773 Words   |  8 PagesThe rules for CHL holder have to follow stated by the Texas Department of Public Safety surrounding concealed handguns licenses on college campuses says it â€Å"Authorizes a license holder to carry a concealed handgun on their person while they are on the campus of an institution of higher education in this state. However as stated by the Department of Public Safety the institution establish rules, regulation, or other provisions concern ing the storage of handguns in dormitories or other residentialRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral1696 Words   |  7 PagesCarver, takes place in the early 1980’s. Originally published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1981. Carver slightly revised the story and re-released it in 1983. At a time when the blue collar working class lived paycheck to paycheck, working hard for newfound luxuries such as color television, this short story is humorous and eye-opening for the reader. For adults ranging from thirty to forty years old, the 1980’s were possibly a ghostly, haunting time. In the 1970’s, many of these people were experimentingRead MoreCognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay example1507 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribe program structure and key components. It will also provide examples of program implementation, challenges/barriers to implementing the practice, address how the practice supports recovery from a serious mental illness standpoint and provide a s ummary. Although there are several types of therapy available to treat depression and other mood disorders, CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) has been one of the most widely used. It is thought to be very effective in treating depression in adolescentsRead MoreSelf Efficacy Of Students And Its Effect On Academic Achievement1852 Words   |  8 PagesMohammed Abd Elnaby. B .Sc. Nursing Tanta University [2011] Under Supervision Of Assist. Prof. Kareema Ahmed Assistant Professor of Nursing Administration Faculty of Nursing Tanta University DR. Nora Ahmed Abdullah Lecture of Nursing Administration Faculty of Nursing Benha University Faculty of Nursing Benha University 2017 Introduction Higher education scholars have established key basic associated with the development of university students and interact with faculty staff andRead More History of Marriage Law Essay2692 Words   |  11 Pagesmore complicated. -English common law, and early American law, before the 1820s treated marriages like business mergers. The fathers paid dowries and often arranged marriages for their daughters. In the early 1800s fathers could contract their daughters to marriage as early as age 12 and there was no consent on her part. Boys had to be 14 before they could enter into a marriage contract. -The age at which a woman could enter into marriage in the mid-nineteenth century varied widely from stateRead MoreThe Unwritten History Of Slavery2506 Words   |  11 PagesSettle Egypt, informally known as Ophie, was an African American woman ahead of her time. She attained the educational status of less than one percent of the American population, was liberal and accepting of others despite the criticism around her, fought to end racism, worked independently of her husband, and believed in limiting family growth. All of Egypt’s beliefs and lifetime achievements represent a new type of woman: a woman who refuses to assimilate to her gender stereotype of weak, inferiorRead MoreThe Wellington Violence Intervention Programs Incorporated ( Vip ) Essay1797 Words   |  8 Pagesabusive toward their significant others, Sponsorship groups and a recommendation provision for the women who are victimized, and the training on domestic violence issues for public groups and interventi ons (Barrett, 2001). Social systems model and women s movement are both utilized by VIP (Barrett, 2001). First of all, our intervention will consist of educating the community on domestic violence on women and their children. The De Violencia a la Paz Group has submitted a grant request to the Sid W. Richardson

Fluctuation Of Immigration On Canada And The 20th Century...

GNED 219-003 WINTER 2016 INTERNET RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT FLUCTUATIONS OF IMMIGRATION TO CANADA IN THE 20th CENTURY WHAT ARE THE POSSIBLE FACTORS? MADE BY: AAYUSHI SHAH STUDENT NO. : 300874124 Fluctuation of immigration to Canada in 20th century and what are possible factors? Firstly, what is immigration? Origin of the word immigration is from [im-i-grey-shuh n] Definition of immigration: Immigration is an action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country. Immigration to Canada means people come from different countries of the world and decide to live†¦show more content†¦Canada is unusual among the developed countries as it is evolving with a steady pace and it was inhabited for around thousands of years by multiple groups of indigenous people. The variations in the immigration were started since the 15th century. Firstly, the British and French people explored the land of Canada and resolved along the Atlantic coast. By the rise of the 18th century France have succeeded in setting up their colonies in the North America. After all, this disputes Canada was formed with the union of three major British North American colonies through confederation. Canada has taken shape as a federal dominion of four provinces. From here Canada was incepted as a nation. On July 1, 1867 Canada’s first ever constitution was passed under the British North America Act. Even though Canada was not accepted as a fully independent nation as the stepping stone â€Å"United Kingdom† resists its legislative control over Canada. Till then Canada does not have its foreign embassy unless its first one in the Washington D.C, in 1931. Until 1949, only the British parliament was able to make effective changes to the Constitution of Canada but the British North America Act (phase 2), 1949 provided the parliament of Canada the authority to make limited constitutional modification. However, by the end of 20th century the Canadian parliament triumph the Policy making system with the Canada Act 1982. Hence all policies

Social Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay Example For Students

Social Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay One branch of social inequality that was always vibrant in my life was when it came to employment. As much as our society believes and fights for gender inequality and fairness, it is still an issue that has yet to be resolved or disappear. This being said, how come only the inequalities are heavily leaning towards the female gender? What opportunities or education are women being held back in? One of the popular common environments with inequality is said to be that any job that is dominated by men. This sort of environment creates rife with frat boy nepotism where women are sometimes not taken as seriously. Frat boy nepotism in the sense that in this situation, males within themselves are given preferential treatment, favoritism based upon their relationship, their â€Å"manly relationship† for lack of a better word rather than an objective evaluation of ability. Another domain with employment inequality is the front lines. Some women aren’t allowed to fight on the front lines in some countries. Levels of inequality and issues arising from these have been the subject of much research. Before engaging in this discussion of employment inequality, the origins must be understood. During earlier days, people were all sharing a common social standing but as the world evolved, society became more and more complex and the male gender was seen to be elevating higher than the female gender. Before modern days, men hunted while women stayed at home and took care of the housework. As societies evolved and things changed, the division of labour took place leading to job specialization and stratification. People began to value certain jobs more highly than others. Manual labors became the least respected members of society while those who engaged in â€Å"high culture,† such as art or music, became the most respected. However, as society evolved, things changed and became more stratified. Women were put in the category of art and music and men in the manual labor category. Furthermore, art and music wasn’t and sometimes in this present time, isn’t as respected or highly valued as manual labor. Women are seen to be categorized with emotional, soft, sensitive, passive jobs and careers while men are seen to be categorized with â€Å"manly†, aggressive activities. Moreover, this isn’t simply an out of the blue categorization; it starts in the family, in their early ages. â€Å"A relatively neglected factor is the role of stereotypes, reinforced by social and cultural norms, which underline certain expectations about gender. Consequently gender stereotypes reinforce social status and gender hierarchies: for example, surveys and experiments show that women are generally perceived as more communal and loyal, whereas men are described more as protectors and competent. Of course not everyone subscribes to these stereotypes, but there is evidence that men and women who behave in ways that contrast with these traditional stereotypes – such as career women or stay-at-home dads – are likely to be evaluated negatively by others. A lifetime of exposure to what women should be, how they should behave and who they should represent drives and reinforces unconscious and unseen biases.† In simpler words, when a child is born, family and friends tend to the baby according to the gender. If it is a girl, they are offered girly toys such as a kitchen, dolls and their toys usually lean towards the color pink. On the other side, if it is a boy, they are offered play hammers, or labour toys and their toys lean towards the color blue. From this age, males and females have a socially constructed idea of what they should be doing and not doing or how they should act because of their gender. This crosses over in their education when choosing a major or a work field. Females will be drawn more towards careers involving feelings or more â€Å"feminine† per say such as nursing or teaching and males will be drawn towards careers such as engineering or joining the military, careers that seem too â€Å"unfit† for a female. One example of the unconscious bias is the way people view men in the society. They are seen as leaders, not women and if you are a mother, your ch ances of getting a job is greatly reduced due to stereotypes. .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e , .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e .postImageUrl , .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e , .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e:hover , .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e:visited , .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e:active { border:0!important; } .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e:active , .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udde6cb442bd27363ce7da4049fbaca2e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Social Inequality of HealthThis separation lingers over and is mainly felt in the employment field. Seeing as females are to be with the â€Å"easier† jobs they are paid less than men who are said to be doing the â€Å"hardest† jobs. Some of these â€Å"easy† jobs are seen as being a nanny for example and some of these â€Å"hard† jobs are seen as being a corporate lawyer. Inequality is heavily felt in these sorts of domains due to the heavy domination of men in those fields. Women will be less likely to be seen in those departments due to social construction or due to the fact that it’s more of a â€Å"man’s† caree r and if they dare to enter, and here the word â€Å"dare† is used mainly to emphasize the importance of the act, they are still not seen or paid equally as a male and this is due to various reasons. Although it’s not only women that suffer in the work field, so do men. Men are said to be discriminated against by large companies and institutions which encourage women to take jobs men typically do so as to satisfy a certain policy or percentage of female bodies in their company, and then don t require them to actually do the same work, leaving men to fill in a workload gap that didn t used to exist. This usually tends to happen in fields such as engineering or any other sort of labour work. Despite this, women are still the ones held back the most. Women have not always been in a stronger position to lead, change and shape the economic and social landscape. The 21st century has seen a dramatic shift in traditional family dynamics. Statistics offer insights into current patterns and behaviours but I noticed that they do not address why the skills and talents of women are not being fully utilized. Encouraging women to participate in the labour market is vital to ensure economic growth at both micro and macro level. One of the reasons as to why females aren’t paid equally as a male is said due to their inability to accomplish the task at hand as efficiently as a male would leading to a, sometimes, drastic wage gap. A woman is said to be able to easily tell whether or not they are being discriminated against in hiring and promotion. All they have to do is count the men with lesser skills and credentials doing jobs they still aspire to. Although, some women often do not know when they are being victims of employment inequality and often don’t complain and so the problem continues. As stated above, men overcrowd high paying careers such as engineering while women dominate lower-paying fields like education and social service careers. However, women are more likely than men to fall off the career track when they have children. They have to take time off and say to â€Å"lose skills†, or sometimes tend to opt for less-demanding jobs so they can spend more time at home. Most fathe rs, in contrast, manage to go through parenthood without needing any time off or any harm to their careers. Another reason leading to gender inequality in the employment field is often the one mostly overheard in offices: â€Å"women are not the primary bread winner and the men are therefore men deserve the higher pay rate not the women†. However, what if the woman is a single mother or divorced or simply an independent woman hoping to pay her bills with that job. These situations are sometimes not taken into consideration when pay rates are decided in such fields. These gender wage gaps are not about men choosing to work more than women, comparing men and women who all work full time, men nearly always earn more than women. Studies have shown that it has close to nothing to do with average differential occupational choices between men and women.

State of nature an Example by

What does Hobbes think that life is like in the state of nature The phrase state of nature describes a situation in which unenlightened self-interest is the guiding principle of human conduct. In such a state, Hobbes famously declared in chapter 13 of Leviathan, life will be solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short; and he proposes the State as a balancing force to ensure that the common good is served. Need essay sample on "What does Hobbes think that life is like in the state of nature" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Hobbes view of the solitary nature of humankind underpins the rest of his thinking. According to Hobbes every person has the same desire to survive and every person has some rational capacity: so every human effort is aimed at bettering the lot of the individual, without thought for the good of the community in essence there is no community. In the end, all men are equal, for, as the same chapter of Leviathan declares, yet when all is reckoned together the difference between man and man is not so considerable as that one man can thereupon claim to himself any benefit to which another may not pretend as well as he. Undergraduates Usually Tell EssayLab professionals:Who wants to write paper for me?Essay writer professionals suggest: Find Your Helping Hand!Custom Essay Order Review Write Essays For Money Custom Essay Writing Service College Essay Writing Hobbes objection to living in such a state was not an objection to self-interest, but to unenlightened self-interest. Mansbridge (3) points out that self-interest as a motivator for political life predates Hobbes by a couple of thousand years; and that Hobbes was reacting in part to the situation current in his time, when social dislocation had seriously stressed the fabric of society. Hobbes thinking was formed partly by his studies of ancient thinkers, particularly the work of Thucydides; partly by the disorder of English society in the period leading up to and during the English Civil War; and partly by ideas of an empirical approach to political science drawn from the new scientific thinking of the age. From Thucydides he drew lessons about power; the disorder in society led him to advocate a strong central authority; and from the new scientific approach he tried to marshal evidence drawn from experience that favored his theories. One area that marked Hobbes thinking as very different from that of his contemporaries was his attitude to religious authority. For Hobbes, morality, liberty and justice are the result of social convention. They have no intrinsic value, but are constructs defined by the State. From here it is a very short step to the view that anything the State is able to enforce is legitimate simply because the State can enforce it. To me, there seem to be inconsistencies in some of what Hobbes says. Undermining much of his position is that evidence from anthropology and related sciences, not available to Hobbes, does not seem to support a theory of chaotic disorder in a state of nature. Most primitive societies are reported, for example by Radcliffe-Brown (1952), to have a strong communal sense of order, often based on a hierarchic family structure. It is not at all a case, as Hobbes would have it in Leviathan, of war of every man against every man. It is not clear that a state of nature, in Hobbes sense, has ever existed. Modern psychological understandings suggest to me that it is unsafe to assert, as Hobbes does, that everyone is basically the same and that there is no possibility of altruism, no possibility of a sense of community, nor any possibility of justice unless an authority figure sets up some basically arbitrary system to impose a set of rules on everyone else. Strauss (10) demonstrates that Hobbes views on mans constant reach for power rests on already rational reflection and is for that very reason not natural, i.e. not innate, not in existence prior to all external motivations, to all experience and education. Hobbes considered the new science of his age could be used to construct a rational, empirical understanding of the foundations of political and social order. He believed the authority and power of the State could impose codes of morality, justice and order on humanity, and in doing so could raise humans from a state of murderous competition for resources and power. Not all the evidence he relied on to construct his theories was reliable; and at times his faith in his method obscured flaws in his reasoning. Works Cited Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. 1651. Mansbridge, Jane J. The Rise and Fall of Self-Interest in the Explanation of Political Life. Beyond Self Interest. Ed. Jane Mansbridge. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990. 323. Radcliffe-Brown, A.R. Structure and Function in Primitive Society. London: Cohen and West, 1952. Strauss, L. The Political Philosophy of Hobbes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952.

Computerization of the Medical Records Essays

Computerization of the Medical Records Essays Computerization of the Medical Records Essay Computerization of the Medical Records Essay Essay Topic: Eva Luna CHAPTER I Introduction Computer-based patient records is a system in which its function are becoming an essential technology for health care in part because the information management challenges were being faced by health care professionals that are increasing daily. The system stores data regarding additional medical information records in a relational database. Most published studies to date have been in the area of keeping the records safety. The database is a general setting of compiling not only the records of the patients but all the records. These computerized records of the patients in Rural Health Units of Irosin will develop and improve our health offices. Under database, the program, inquiries are now being done fast and easy using required data like patient’s name, birth date and etc. The system stores data regarding additional medical information records in a relational database. A Computerized Medical Records greatly improves the quality services of care that the physicians by allowing easy and organized access to critical patients data. The computerized medical record lies at the center of any computerized data. The efficiency, safeties, organization of medical records will give of these computerized medical records. Background of the Study The Rural Health Unit of Irosin is one of the important establishments in our community that serves our people everyday in their Health problems. This service is a very big help on the people of Irosin. Nurses and Doctors provide manual process of recording health and disease of the patients. They kept it in folder and drawers. As the patients enter the Health Center the employees try making it as omfortable as they face the patients. Interviewers must not let the patient’s sees there tiredness. The information, nurses and doctor, together they help each other to make it an organize the manual process. This process is being used until today. Our health center is outdated. It makes the workers time and energy consuming. They find it not good for the patients because it takes them a long time looking for the files. So instead of healing, patients get weaker. We proposed this project thesis to help our fellow citizen of Irosin. This is about the organization of records; we will create a database program to process the files of the patients more organize, time, and energy saving, plus an updated RHU to the modern civilization for the good ness of all Irosinians. Statement of the Problem We proposed the computerization of the Medical Records of the patients in the Rural Health Units using the database program. Use and manipulate it easily. For the accuracy and efficiency of works. And gather easily and safety stored the important files of the patients for the comfort ness of both the patients and the employees. This project sought to answer the following questions: * How can we make easy the finding of records? * How can we improve the record, its organization, and keeping? * How can we have secure record/confidential records? * How can we have copies of records in order to have hard duplicates or even triplicates? * How to help the employees to be comfortable in organization of records? * How to give benefit to the patients? * How can we give the employees a benefit for their services? As proponents, we need to make a more efficient Medical Record in order to solve these problems. Scope and Delimitation This proposed project is design only to help make the record more organize and easier for the employees to find. This project will focus only on the following: First, is on the patient’s Medical Record, the personal and health record. Data will be transferred in a database program designed to kept the record files organize and easy to find. Second, is the records organization and keeping. This part is related as the primary purposes of our thesis project. Third, is how confidential records will be safety kept and delivered to those patients cannot take it easily. This project will try not to be broad, for easiness and briefness. To make this project worthy of approval. Significance of the Study We had seen that the records, its organization, and keeping are improper and not related to what the employees want it to be. So, this project is proposed to organize the medical records of the patients in the Rural Health Units. Not only for the comfort ability of the employee but also for the benefit of the patients. A Rural Health Units includes a number of features that allow the clinical side of the practice to operate more efficiently. Patient Records users enjoy these benefits from their system. Successful computerized medical records are more efficient than traditional offices system. As a result, the number of worker required to support physicians is lower than at paper based offices. These improvements can be attributed to the following: * Improves documentation quality (legible, organized, complete) * Improves medication management * Enhances efficiency management * Reduces internal/external copying expenses * Improves the completeness of documentation Improves coding accuracy * Increasing the number of services * Reduces chart pulls and less filing * Eliminates time spent searching for lost records * Improves internal office communication * Reduces call- backs or patients un-satisfaction CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature Foreign Studies A computer system with a workflow server provides for automatic and prioritized assignment of work involving processing of medical information records, or charts, to par ticular resources (personnel) in a hospital. In particular, as the system stores data regarding additional medical information records in a relational database, the workflow server identifies which such additional records constitute a new encounter for a particular patient. For each encounter, the system defines one or more visit cases, and may identify for each visit further subset cases for one or more of a number of application programs. Such application programs may include coding/abstracting of documents and assigning deficiencies in documents for completion. The system defines states corresponding to each application program. In response to requests from the application programs, the workflow server routes each defined case to a particular work queue within the proper state, and then can assign each case to a particular resource (employee) within the proper work queue. The criteria for the type and number of work queues within each state, and the criteria for the assignment of resources within each work queue, can be identified with whatever sophistication or prioritization that a hospital may desire. Garcia Rodriguez LA, Perez Gutthann S. The last decade has seen a surge in the use of computerized health care data for pharmacoepidemiology. Of all European databases, the General Practice Research Database (GPRD) in the UK has been the most widely used for pharmacoepidemiological research. Since 1994, this database has belonged to the UK Department of Health, and is maintained by the Office of National Statistics (ONS). Currently, around 1500 general practitioners with population coverage in excess of 3 million, systematically provide their computerized medical data anonymously to ONS. Validation studies of the GPRD ave documented the recording of medical data into general practitioners computers to be near to complete. The GPRD collects truly population-based data, has a size that makes it possible to follow-up large cohorts of users of specific drugs, and includes both outpatient and inpatient clinical information. The access to original medical records is excellent. Desirable improvements to the GPRD would be additio nal computerized information on certain variables and linkage to other health care databases. Most published studies to date have been in the area of drug safety. The General Practice Research Database has proved that valuable data can be collected in a general practice setting. The full potential of this rich computerized database has yet to come. This experience should serve to encourage others to develop similar population-based data in other countries. Improving Patient Records Computer-based patient records and the system in which they function are becoming an essential technology for Health care in part because the information management challenges faced by health care professionals are increasing daily. Technological progress makes it possible for CPRs and CPR systems to provide total, cost-effective access to more complete, accurate patient care data and to offer improved performance and enhanced functions that can be used to meet those information management challenges. CPRs can play an important role in improving the quality of patient care and strengthening the scientific basis of clinical practice; they can also contribute to the management and moderation of health care costs. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) study committee believes that the time is right for a major initiative to make CPRs a standard technology in health care within a decade. Achieving this goal within 10 years will require a nationwide effort and a great deal of work. More research and development are needed in several critical areas to ensure that systems meet the needs of patients, practitioners, administrators, third-party payers, researchers, and policymakers. For example, the need to protect patient privacy must be balanced by the need for timely access to data at multiple sites. Systems must offer both considerable flexibility for users and standards required for data transfers and exchange. CPR implementation will necessitate both organizational and behavioral changes. Organizationally, it will require substantial coordination across the many elements of the pluralistic U. S health care system. Behaviorally, it will that users develop new skills to use CPR systems and to change their documentation behaviors. Local Studies The Medical Records Department (MRD) forms part of the basic hospital set-up. Its functions among others include the following: (a) to ensure that patients records are available at all times; (b) to see to it that medical records are maintained in accordance with principles and practices of efficient and effective MRD; (c) to maintain comprehensive indexes; (d) to review records for completeness and accuracy; (e) to respond to subpoenas and medico-legal cases directed to the hospital; and (f) to maintain and safeguard the confidentiality of medical records. In 1968, MMC opened its own medical records department at the 3rd floor circular portion of the building. Staffed with only 7 employees with Sr. Rosalinda Vijandre as its head, paper work were then quite few since the hospital had just begun admitting patients and the total recorded admission for that year was only 583 patients. From the period beginning 1971 to 1975 MRD had recorded a total of 96,324 admitted patients. MRD had acquired its first microfilm machine to keep away some files since it had started running out of filing space. In 1986, the hospital management bought a personal computer for MRD; an XT model with 120 MB hard disk system. This acquisition boosted the capability of MRD as this has enabled them to put into the computer a program for Patient Index System. Under this program, inquiries are now being done fast and easy using either patients name, birth date, admission date or discharge date. The computer can also assign automatically the patients hospital number and simultaneously give out the date of previous admissions. This is very important in the retrieval of re-admitted patients previous hospital records as well as to prevent error of assigning more than two hospital numbers to one patient and consequently destroy the very essence of record compilation. More inputs were done on the computer, such as those involving different compilation as for instance: the compilation of patients data; record of admission; microfilm record and census report of ER patients. Towards the end of 1974, MRD was rendered helpless with the volume of records to microfilm. It had almost run out of space for the storage of huge volumes of patients records. MRD could not however move those films from their place until they are microfilmed. So that eventually, in 1995 a more modern, high tech microfilm machine from Kodak was acquired. It was a Kodak IM 70 model, which can store thousands of data in film cassette which is 4 to 5 times faster than the previous one. It also had a lot of distinct features such as: a) the microfilm could be done in any ambient light condition; b) it had an automatic feeder; c) it could automatically stamp the document with labels while microfilming; d) it could produce about five or more rolls of films per day; and e) it could capture about 200 documents per minute. With the help of the new microfilm machine, the MRD can now catch up on the fast pace of records turnover. Conveniently however, in 1996 MRD has found a solution for its long time storage problem with the help of File Manager, a company that renders filing and storage services. MRD is now situated at the 3rd Floor annex of the hospital adjacent to the Floating Island Restaurant. Headed by Mrs. Lilian S. Garcia, the department is presently staffed by 4 supervisors, 2 programmers, a secretary, 7 senior clerks and 21 junior clerks. CHAPTER III System Analysis and Design * Existing System Overview Until now, the Rural Health Unit of Irosin is still using the manual process of making records and keeping it by using folders. And to organize it as it is, they compile those folders in drawers. So, with this improper keeping of records, most of the problems are finding it that give sick to the employees and making hard for the patients who were sickly waiting. Not only that, it also waist the time of employees and patients. Narrative Description of the Process Flow The flow of process starts from the patient. First, the patient will complain to the Information. Then, with that complain, the Information Officer will ask questions of identification and to confirm it, he/she will find the record from those folders. The finding of record will make a wasteful time for both of the patient and employees of that RHU. After that, the patient will now go to the doctor for the check-up. After that, the doctor will give the patient the medicine or if not the prescription and then release the patient. In the other hand, that information of check-up will be recorded or renew the past record. Input Forms The data being inputted in the record are mostly from the patients. Those are there personal information so to identify there records. These are the following: * Name names of the patients including first name, last name, and middle name or maiden name. Address – the address of the patients where they reside. This includes the street, the district or municipality and the province or city where they belong to. * Age – the present age of the patient when he/she was checked-up. * Sex – the sex of the patient if he/she is a male or a female. * Contacts – number or address that the doctor needs to refer to in case of patient’s emergency. * Date of Birth – the date when the patient was born. * Guardian/ Parent – the person related to the patient whom the doctor needs to contact in case of emergency. * Medical Information – nformation like blood type, blood rate/ pressure, weight, height, pulse rate, respiratory rate, etc. These are some inputted data that came from doctors who conducted the check-up. * Record Date the date when the file is being recorded. * Treatment Number – the number of treatment or from what number of treatment it follows. * Date of Consultation – the date when the patient had consulted. Must be the same date as the record date. * Report of Patient’s History – the present and past history of the patients’ disease. * Diagnosis – the result of the check-up or the final/total report of the disease. Data Processing Procedure The process of these data is conducted by the Information Officer or the Doctor himself. As being said from the description of the process flow, the personal information taken from the patient by the information officer will guide the Info. Off. to find the related information to the records. Then it will also be given to the doctor for referrals of the check-up. And after the check-up, those data from patient, with the data from the doctor will be recorded again or renew the existing record. Output Forms and it Processing Procedures The output forms were the reports of the gathered data. These were: * Medical Certificate * Medical Record And those data will now become record and will be kept for the patients return. And for his/ her other future complains, it will be renew or make a new record. * Proposed System Introduction The proposed system is designed to solve the problems being encountered in the Rural Health Unit. It is the Automation of the Existing System. Narrative Descriptions of the Flow As a start, like the manual system, the patient will give his/her complains to the Information Officer. Then the Information Officer will ask him/her some questions about his/her Identification and that information will be the referral in finding the record. And then, the Info. Officer will find the record in the designed database. There, it will only input the required information so as to open the Record. It will only take a while. Then, the patient will now go to the doctor for Check-up. After that, same thing, the doctor will give the medicine, if not, the prescription and then release the patient. In the other hand, the result of the check-up will be recorded again or renew the existing record in the database. Save and Print for a hard copy in case of loosing file or problems in computer operation. The Proposed Output Forms The outputs were more presentable than the existing because of computerized forms and satisfying data and information were well presented in the output. These were: * Medical Certificate * Medical Record * Personal Information/Data * Confidential Health Data (not being presented to the public unless said so by Authorities/Doctor) Economic Feasibility of the Proposed System Development Cost Computer Desktop Cost- From PhP 20,000. 00- above Licensed copy of OS Cost- PhP 9,000. 00 Licensed copy of Software Cost- PhP 9,000. 00 Use Training Cost- PhP 2,500. 00 Development Labor Cost- 7,500. 00 Annual Operating Cost Maintenance Cost- PhP 2,500. 00per month Technical Inspection Cost- PhP 5000. 00 every Third Month System Requirements Operating System * Windows 2000 Professional * Windows XP Professional Software Requirements * Microsoft Office 2000 Professional * Microsoft Office XP Professional Capacity * Memory must be high because this will hold the Medical Record of the Population of Irosin Other Devices * Printer * Other devices that will help the Record Keeping and Organization Comparative Analysis of the Existing and the Proposed System Existing System The flow of process starts from the patient. First, the patient will complain to the Information. In the other hand, that information of check-up will be recorded or renew the past record. The data being inputted in the record are mostly from the patients. Those were there personal information so to identify there records. Name names of the patients including first name, last name, and middle name or maiden name. Address – the address of the patients where they reside. Date of Birth – the date when the patient was born. Medical Information are the information like blood type, blood rate/ pressure, weight, height, pulse rate, respiratory rate, etc. Record Date the date when the file is being recorded. Date of Consultation – the date when the patient had consulted. The process of these data is conducted by the Information Officer or the Doctor himself. Medical Certificate, Medical Record. And those data will now become record and will be kept for the patients’ future use. Proposed System Officer will find the record in the designed database. Then, the patient will now go to the doctor for Check-up. The Medical Record and Personal Information/Data were being separated for confidentiality and security. Only that using Computerized is more expensive in Technical procedures and Maintenance. CHAPTER IV Research Design The group will use the interview techniques with questionnaire as the primary tool in gathering information needed to make this project. Data Gathering Techniques We, the group, used some questionnaires and interview about the transaction of medical records of patients in Rural Health Units. Preparation. The group prepared the questionnaires and interview for the personnel in charged in medical records of patients. It will be used as a basis for the propose Medical Record. Organization. The group organized the medical records by using the designed MS Access Database. Coordination. The group coordinated to the people in charged to keep confidential and lawfully organizing the medical records of patients. Data Gathering Tools Questionnaires. It was used as the basis of the Proposed System. To make it more appropriate and not living the original purpose of Medical Record. Computer and Other Devices. To document the data and other information, to process words and to save it as our back-up information and print it as an output, we uses computer. Internet. We used the Internet information as the second source of data and made a user friendly program. Database Specification Program Presentation Design Figure 1: Introductory Form Figure 2: Login Form Figure 3: Switchboard Figure 4: Personal Form Figure 5: Disease Form Flow Diagram of manual process: PATIENTS (a)INFORMATION Getting the data from the patients (b) INFORMATION Processing the data DOCTOR NEW DATA (DIAGNOSIS) Patient’s release Prescription (Rx) Proposed Diagram Patients Information officer Doctor Prescription and diagnosis release CHAPTER V Recommendation, Conclusion and Summary Recommendation We believe that this time is right for improving our health offices for major initiative to make standard technology. Achieving this goal is a very great deal to work. These can make the performance of the worker enhanced and access to more complete, accurate patients care and data. Computerization of documentation provides some benefits for those involved in litigation. One of the most obvious benefits is the creation of legible records. Computer-printed records are completely legible, therefore eliminating the confusion caused by guessing at the meaning of handwritten words. Tampering with the medical record is much more difficult to do with an electronic system. Software programs contain a way to correct mistaken entries, such as an incorrect entry, misspelled word, or typographical error. A clock embedded in the software program indicates the precise time and date of an entry, which makes it impossible to backdate information to make it look as if it was entered earlier. Software programs contain a feature that makes the entry unalterable after a certain time or event. The typical method is to make the entry unchangeable once it is authenticated. There is a regularly scheduled backup time to store data, making it impossible for someone to delete previous entries once they are saved. Our computerized medical records system is proven to eliminate soaring transcription costs, decrease malpractice exposure, and dramatically reduce paper and storage costs†¦which in turn increase your profitability. Improved risk management. By eliminating illegible charts and providing easier and more accurate compliance reporting, risks are better handled. Patient data is more securely safeguarded, requirements are easier to comply with and the risk of documentation audits is minimized. It’s also very easy to back up your database and store the information off-site. By computerizing patient records you eliminate transcription costs, maximize medical coding and ease the charting task. Your office is also able to see more patients and reallocate staffing. Automation also allows for easier billing and claims filing, maximized medical coding, an improved workflow and customized reporting. Point-of-care charting improves documentation and makes patient records instantly accessible. All patient-related messages are captured and charted to the appropriate record, which is instantly accessible. Because your patient records are computerized, you can share patient information among staff to complete multiple tasks at once and you are able to do more comprehensive documentation in less time. Conclusion A medical record includes any of an individuals health documents of the types listed. It’s may be on physical media such as film (x-rays), paper (notes), or photographs, often of different sizes and shapes. Physical storage of documents is problematic, as not all document types fit in the same size folders or storage spaces. Physical records sually require significant amounts of space to store them. When physical records are no longer maintained, the large amounts of storage space are no longer required. Paper, film, and other expensive physical media usage (and therefore cost) is also reduced with computerized record storage. When paper records are stored in different locations, furthermore, collecting and transporting them to a single location for review by a healthcare provider is time-consuming. When paper (or other types of) records are required in multiple locations, copying, faxing, and transporting costs are significant. Handwritten paper medical records can be associated with poor legibility, which can contribute to medical errors. Electronic records help with the standardization of forms, terminology and abbreviations, and data input. A CMR can come with multiple security levels and it often uses the most advanced security technology to protect patient data. Summary A medical record is very important and it must be secured for the patient’s security. The computerizations of the medical records were implemented in every hospital for records care. This can make the records safe and it makes the job well and accurate and efficient. It will also improve documentation quality, better patient’s communication, and enhances efficiency management. Not only that, it also reduces labor cost, lower internal or external copying expenses and lower malpractice insurance cost. It improves the completeness of documentation, coding accuracy, and increasing the number of services. By this, we develop our very own database software program that enables user to have an easy access of retrieving data together with the records of the patients and the confidential data files. Database Specification Manual Data Dictionary Field Names property is use to specify the name of a field within a table. For example, you can specify Last Name for a field that stores employees last names within the Employees table. Data Type property is use to specify the type of data stored in a table field. Each field can store data consisting of only a single data type. Description property is use to provide information about objects contained in the Database window as well as about individual table or query fields. Setting The DataType property uses the following settings. Setting| Type of data| Size| Text| (Default) Text or combinations of text and numbers, as well as numbers that dont require calculations, such as phone numbers. | Up to 255 characters or the length set by the FieldSize property, whichever is less. Microsoft Access does not reserve space for unused portions of a text field. | Memo| Lengthy text or combinations of text and numbers. | Up to 65,535 characters. (If the Memo field is manipulated through DAO and only text and numbers [not binary data] will be stored in it, then the size of the Memo field is limited by the size of the database. )| Number| Numeric data used in mathematical calculations. For more information on how to set the specific Number type, see the FieldSize property topic. | 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes (16 bytes if the FieldSize property is set to Replication ID). | Date/Time| Date and time values for the years 100 through 9999. | 8 bytes. | Currency| Currency values and numeric data used in mathematical calculations involving data with one to four decimal places. Accurate to 15 digits on the left side of the decimal separator and to 4 digits on the right side. | 8 bytes. | AutoNumber| A unique sequential (incremented by 1) number or random number assigned by Microsoft Access whenever a new record is added to a table. AutoNumber fields cant be updated. For more information, see the NewValues property topic. | 4 bytes (16 bytes if the FieldSize property is set to Replication ID). | Yes/No| Yes and No values and fields that contain only one of two values (Yes/No, True/False, or On/Off). | 1 bit. | OLE Object| An object (such as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, a Microsoft Word document, graphics, sounds, or other binary data) linked to or embedded in a Microsoft Access table. | Up to 1 gigabyte (limited by available disk space)| Hyperlink| Text or combinations of text and numbers stored as text and used as a hyperlink address. A hyperlink address can have up to three parts: text to display-    the text that appears in a field or control. address-   the path to a file (UNC path) or page (URL). subaddress-   a location within the file or page. screentip-   the text displayed as a tooltip. The easiest way to insert a hyperlink address in a field or control is to click Hyperlink on the Insert menu. | Each part of the three parts of a Hyperlink data type can contain up to 2048 characters. | Lookup Wizard| Creates a field that allows you to choose a value from another table or from a list of values by using a list box or combo box. Clicking this option starts the Lookup Wizard, which creates a Lookup field. After you complete the wizard, Microsoft Access sets the data type based on the values selected in the wizard. and allows the user to enter shorthand versions of frequently used words. | AutoForms| An AutoForm is a quick form that automatically includes every field from the table or query on which it is based. | AutoNumber| The AutoNumber format automatically assigns a new number when a record is entered. This is a good format to use for primary keys, because it ensures that unique numbers will be assigned to each record. AutoReports| An AutoReport is a quick report that automatically includes every field from the table or query on which it is based. | Axes| Axes are the lines that frame the bar chart area and provide a means for comparison. The Y axis is usually vertical and the X axis is usually horizontal. | Back Color Button| Use the Back Color button to change the background color of the selected contr ol. | Back Style| The Back Style option allows you to determine whether the color of a control will be visible or transparent. | Bar Chart| A bar chart uses colored bars of various heights or lengths to represent each item. Bitmap| A bitmap is a type of graphics file that is usually created in MS Paint. | Border Width Button| Use the Border Width button to change the border width of the selected control. | Bound Control| A bound control in a form or report is one that is used to show or edit information from a table or query, such as a text box. | Browsing| Browsing means looking through a computer system to locate files, folders, applications, or printers. | Button| A button is an icon that represents a tool or command. | By Column Button| Use the By Column button in Microsoft Graph to place data series in columns. By Row Button| Use the By Row button in Microsoft Graph to place data series in rows. | Captions| Captions serve as column headers in tables or as labels in forms. | Cli ck-and-drag| Click-and-drag refers to pressing and holding the left mouse button while moving the mouse. Click-and-drag is often used to move selected items or to select several items at one time. | Column Command| Use the Column command on the Insert menu to insert a new column to the left of the current column in Datasheet. | Column Headers| Column headers are the identifiers at the top of each column in a table. The names of the headers should correspond to the field names. | Columns| Columns are the vertical divisions of a table. Fields are represented in tables as columns. Each column in the table represents one field. | Context-sensitive| Context-sensitive refers to information or menus that are specific to the selected object. | Control| A control is any graphical object on a form or report that can be selected or manipulated. Controls include, but are not limited to, text boxes, labels, graphics, and lines. | Criteria Row| Use the Criteria row in the design grid to specify parameters that desired records must meet. For example, a criterion might tell the query to select all customer records having area code 407. A criterion is usually entered using an expression. | Data| Data is related information that is grouped and manipulated by an application. In Access, data is entered into the fields of a table. | Data Labels| Data labels provide additional information about the data in your chart. | Data Types| A fields data type specifies and limits what kind of data may be entered into that field. | Database| A database is a collection of records pertaining to a specific topic. Examples of databases include: customer lists, order records, telephone books, product listings, and Rolodex files. | Database Window| The Database window appears when you open a database. Depending on which option button you select, the Database window shows you a list of available tables, queries, forms, reports, macros, and modules. The Database window allows you to select whether you want to design, edit, view, or create specific objects. | Database Wizards| A Database Wizard creates a database for you, automatically setting up appropriate tables, forms, and queries. Access provides more than 20 Database Wizards, each devoted to a specific use, such as household inventory, ledgers, or inventory control. | Databases Card| Use the Databases card in the New dialog box to select one of the Database Wizards. | Datasheet View| Use a tables Datasheet view to view, edit, or add data. @10| Datasheet View| A tables Datasheet view allows you to view, edit, or add data to the table. | Default| A default setting is the software manufacturers preset option for a particular command or function. Default settings can be changed. Delimited| In a delimited text file, characters such as commas or tabs separate the fields. | Description| Use the description column in the Table Design view to describe each field in the table. | Deselecting| Deselecting is removing the active mark or highlight from an object. | Design Button| The Design button allows you to open the selected object in Design view, where changes can be made to the structure of the object. | Design Grid| The design grid is a graphical tool that allows you to create a query by placing fields from the upper half of the Query window into the design grid in the lower half of the window. Design View| A tables Design view allows you to add fields or make changes to the overall formatting and properties of a table. | Detail And Summary| Use the Detail And Summary option in the Show section of the Summary Options dialog box to create a report that includes each record along with the summary calculations. | Detail Section| The detail section of a form contains one record. It should consist of any labels and fields that you want to display on the form. | Drag-select| Click-and-hold the left mouse button and move the mouse to select text or items. Drop-down List| A drop-down list is a list of choices that become available by clicking a text box or its adjacent down-arrow. | Embedded Object| An embedded object is linked to the original data and is updated when the original data is updated or c hanged. | Embossed Text| Embossed text is similar to shadowed text, though the effect is more of a highlight than a shadow. Embossed text takes the same color as the background and appears slightly raised. | Expression| An expression is used to specify criteria in a query. | Field| A field is a category of information, such as a phone number, product name, or unit cost. If a table contains customer information, its fields might be first name, last name, address, city, state, zip code, and phone number. | Field List| The field list appears at the top of the Query design window when you have added a table to the query. It lists all of the fields in the table, and you can use it to add fields to the query design grid. | Field List Button| Use the Field List Button to open or close a list of fields available for use in a report or form. | Field Properties| A fields properties govern how its data is displayed or stored. File Management| File management is the process of organizing objects contained on the hard disk into a formal structure of folders, subfolders, and files. | File Type| File type refers to the format the file was saved in and often refers to the application that created the file. | Files| A file is a collection of data referred to by a given name. | Filter By Form| A Filter By Form lets you designate the records you are seeking by opening a blank view of your datasheet or form and letting you type in or select from a drop-down list the data you are seeking. Filter By Selection| A Filter By Selection lets you designate the records you are seeking simply by clicking the value you are looking for within the form or datasheet. | Filters| A filter is a feature that provides a quick way to select and view designated records. Filters may be applied from within tables, forms, or the datasheet of a query. They can also be run from within another filter. A filter cannot be based on multiple tables or be used to perform calculations. | Find Command| The Find command allows you to search the computer for files and folders based on particular criteria. Find Now Button| Use the Find Now button to initiate the search for a designated file. | Fixed Width| In a fixed width file, fields are arranged in columns with spaces in-between. | Flipping| Flipping is the action of rotating or flipping an object either horizontally, vertically, left, or right. | Folders| Part of the organizational system of the computer disk, folders can contain files or other folders. | Font| A font is a style and size of type, such as Times New Roman, 12 point, bold. | Fonts Folder| The Fonts folder is an area on the system used for controlling and managing type styles. Fore Color Button| Use the Fore Color button to change the color of selected text. | Form| A form is a feature that shows only the information you want to see, in the order you want to see it. A form is used to view data in a database, enter new data into the database, or edit data. | Form View Button| Use the Form View button to switch between the Design, Form, and Database views of your form. | Form Wizard| Form Wizard provides step-by-step help in creating a form. | Formatting| Formatting is the way entries in a field are displayed or printed. For example, if 5. 9 is entered into a field formatted as currency, it will display as $5. 49. | Frame| A frame is a placehold er that may be inserted for a graphic. | Gridlines| Gridlines in a report are non-printing lines that help you to line up or position controls. They can be turned off or on from the View menu. Gridlines in a form are non-printing lines that help you to line up or position controls. | Group| When you group data in a report, you tell Access that you want certain data arranged together. For example, you might want to group order records by item number, with all the orders for a particular item number listed together. Grouping Objects| Grouping objects combines multiple objects into a single object with its own selection handles. | Groups/Totals Report| A Groups/Totals report, which can be created using Report Wizard, organizes data in a row-and-column format, grouping records based on specified fields. Totals and grand totals may then be calculated for each grouping. | Heading Section| The heading section of a form appears at the top of the form and usually consists of the title of the form. Other data that you may want in a heading section might be the date or the company name. Hot Spot| A hot spot is a green word or phrase that can be used to open help about that particular word or phrase. Click a hot spot with a solid underline to open a help document about the phrase. Click a hot spot with a dotted underline to open a pop-up window about the phrase. | Image Button| Use the Image button to create a frame for a graphic that cannot be edited from within Access. | Image Mouse Pointer| The mouse pointer changes to an Image mouse pointer when you can draw a frame for a graphic. | Import| Importing is the process of bringing in the data from another database (including non-Access databases). Index| Access uses indexes to help locate or sort records more quickly. | Input Mask| An input mask helps to control the values that are entered into a field and might include dashes, spaces, or parentheses. You then fill in the blanks. When you use Table Wizard, input masks may be automatically applied to certain fields, such as phone numbers or zip codes. | Insertion Point| The insertion point is the vertical, flashing bar that shows you your current position on screen. Whatever you type will be entered at this point. | Insertion Point| An insertion point is the place where text or graphics will appear in the document. Join Lines| A join line is drawn between two fields in different tables to indicate that the two tables are linked or joined by the data in those two fields. | Label| A label is any area on a form or report where titles or descriptions are shown. The label can stand alone or be attached to a control. If a label is attached to a control, it often contains the name of the field represented by the control. | Label Button| Use the Label button to create a label. | Label Mouse Pointer| The mouse pointer changes to a capital A with a plus sign once you have clicked the Label button and are ready to insert a label. Label Wizard| Label Wizard is o ne of the report wizards that runs you through a series of step-by-step dialog boxes that allow you to select the size of labels you wish to create. | Labels| A label is any area on a form or report where titles or descriptions are shown. A label can stand alone or be attached to a control. | Landscape| Landscape refers to the orientation of the paper. In Landscape mode, the report is formatted to fit 11 x 8? paper. | Last Record Button| Use the Last Record button to take you to the last record in the table or form. Layout| The layout of the report is how the data is placed on the page, including how it is aligned and whether it is in a single column or multiple columns. Access provides several preformatted layout options from which to choose. | Legends| A legend provides a key to the data illustrated in a chart. | Line Button| Use the Line Button to draw a line. | Linking Tables| When an Access table is linked from another database, you have access to all of the records in the lin ked table. | Links| Links tell Access how the tables are related to each other by indicating which fields they have in common. Lookup Field| A Lookup field points to another table and lets you select data from that table by using a drop-down list. | Macro| A macro is an advanced option used to automate a series of tasks. You might want to write a macro to run functions that you perform on a regular basis, such as printing particular reports whenever you open a database. | Mailing Labels| Mailing Labels are address labels that are affixed to sales flyers, catalogs, or letters. | Main Form| A main form is the primary form and may contain one or more subforms. Make-table Queries| A make-table query takes the selected records and creates a new table with them. | Margins| Margins are the areas that border the printed portion of the page along the top, sides, and bottom. | Marquee-select| Marquee-selecting is the process of clicking-and-dragging the mouse pointer over a group of objects u ntil a dotted line forms a box around it. | Match| The Match criterion in the Find in field dialog box lets you specify what part of the field needs to match the text you type in the Find What box. | MB| MB (or megabyte) is a data measurement. One megabyte is equal to 1,000 kilobytes of data. Menu Bar| A menu bar is a list of commands across the top of the screen that may be opened to reveal additional commands. | Microsoft Graph| Microsoft Graph is an application used within Microsoft software, such as Access, Word, and PowerPoint, to create graphic representations, or charts, of your data. | Module| A module is a unit of Visual Basic For Applications programming code and is much more complex than a macro. Modules allow you to create very sophisticated, customized databases; however, they require the ability to program in the Visual Basic For Applications language. More Files| Use the More Files option to see other databases that you have worked with if the database you want is not in the original list. | Multiple Table Queries| Multiple table queries are queries that use more than one table. | Multitasking| Multitasking is the process of running more than one application or activity at a time. | Name Property| The Name Property on the property sheet is used to rename a page on a tab control. | Navigation Buttons| The navigation buttons are a group of five buttons located at the bottom of a table or form. They move you to various records within the table or form. Navigation Keys| Navigation keys are keyboard keys that allow you to move around within a document, such as [PAGE UP], [HOME], and the arrow keys. | New Button| Click the New button to create a new object, depending on which object tab is selected. | Next Record Button| Use the Next Record button to take you to the next record in the table or form. | Normalization| Normalization is the process of splitting a table into related tables, in order to eliminate wasted space, redundancy, and keying errors. | Number Across| Number across refers to the number of labels that may be printed in a single row across the page or sheet. Object Tabs| The object tabs, which are located along the top of the Database window, allow you to switch between the available types of objects: tables, queries, forms, reports, macros, and modules. | Objects| Objects are any data that can be used in an application or shared with other applications. | Office Assistant| The Office Assistant is a feature that provides help and tips as you work in Access. | OLE| Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) are processes that permit the sharing of files and objects between applications. | Open Database Button| Use the Open Database button to access an existing database so that you can open it. Open Hand Mouse Pointer| The Open Hand mouse pointer indicates that the pointer is in the correct position to move a text box and its attached label. | Option Button| An option button in a dialog box is a round button that is used to select one of several mutually exclusive commands. | Page| Each tab on a tab control is called a page. | Page Footer Section| Any controls in the Page Footer section in the report design window will appear at the bottom of every page of the report. | Plot Area| The plot area is the chart. It includes the axes, the data labels, the grid, and the bars, lines, or wedges that make up the chart. Point| Pointing is the action of placing the mouse pointer over the desired object or text. | Portrait| Portrait refers to the orientation of the paper. In Portrait mode, the report is formatted to fit 8? x 11 paper. | Primary Key| The primary key is the unique identifier for each record, such as an employee number, a product number, or a customer number. Access will not allow duplicate entries in a field that is set up as a primary key. | Primary Key Fields| The primary key is the unique identifier for each record, such as an employee number, a product number, or a customer number. Print Area| Within a report, the print area is the area that will be printed, even though it may contain blank areas. In Report Design view, this is shown by default as a white background. | Print Preview| Print Preview is one of the report views. It allows you to see how the document will look when it is printed. | Properties Button| Use the Properties button to open the property sheet for the selected control. | Property Sheet| The property sheet contains settings that control the characteristics or appearance of the selected control. | Query| A query is a question that you ask about the data in your table(s). For example, you may want to know which of your customers bought pinto beans in March. Access searches designated tables or queries and provides you with an answer. | Query Design View| Query Design view lets you build or edit a query using the design grid. | Query Type Button| Use the Query Type button to begin creating a specific type of query. | Query View Button| Use the Query View button to switch between the Design, SQL, and Datasheet views of your query. | Raised Special Effect| The Raised special effect makes the selected control appear slightly elevated from the background. Record| A record is all of the information collected about a specific event, thing, product, or person, such as a customer record. A record can consist of many fields. For instance, a customer record could consist of the customers first name, last name, address, city, state, zip code, and phone number. | Record Indicator| The record indicator is a small box that appears on the scroll box when the scroll b ox is clicked or moved. It displays which record number you are at in the table. | Record Selector| A record selector is the small box to the left of a record or row in a table. Click a record selector to select the adjacent record. Recordset| A Recordset is the result of a query. While the Recordset may look like a table or Datasheet, it exists only in the computers memory. Once you close it, it no longer exists unless you save it. | Referential Integrity| Referential integrity is a system of rules that Access uses to make sure that relationships between records in related tables are valid, and that you dont accidentally delete or change related data. | Relational Database| A relational database management system is an application that allows you to organize, manipulate, query, and view your data, while building links between related opics. Access is a relational database management system. | Relationships| Relationships are ties that are created between tables in the database so t hat Access can combine data from more than one table to create reports. It is how tables determine how they correspond to each other. | Relationships Button| Use the Relationships button to open the Relationships window so that you can view, edit, or define relationships between tables and queries. | Replace Text Box| Use the Replace text box in the AutoCorrect dialog box to enter the text you want to replace. Report| A report is used to show and print selected information from a table in a customized manner. A report differs from a form because it does not allow you to make any modifications or edits to the actual records within the table(s). | Report Design View| Report Design view lets you create a report from scratch or modify the way a report appears. Fields, lines, labels, color, and graphics can be added to a report in Design view. | Report Sections| In Design view, a report is divided into different sections, which vary depending on the individual report. Some common section s include the Report Header, Detail, and Page Footer sections. When printed, some sections, such as Report Header, appear only once on the report. Other sections, such as the Detail section, are repeated over and over until all the records are shown. | Report Wizard| Report Wizard helps you create a report by giving you a variety of choices in a series of dialog boxes. | Right-click Menu| A right-click menu is a context-sensitive menu for an object. | Right-drag| Right-dragging is the process of pressing and holding the right mouse button while moving the mouse. | Row Selector| The row selector is the small box to the left of each field name in the upper half of the Table Design view window. Rows| Rows are the horizontal divisions of a table. Each row contains a separate record. | Rulers| In Form or Report Design View, horizontal and vertical rulers located along the top and left side of the screen indicate your current position within the document. They can assist you in determining the size of a control or a section. They can be turned off or on from the View menu. | Run| When you run a query, you tell it to find and list the designated records. | Sample Tables| The Table Wizard provides numerous sample tables-both business-related and personal-from which to choose. Select the type of table that most closely fits your application. Your selection of sample fields will be based on the sample table you select. | Save As/Export Option| The Save As/Export option located on the File menu lets you save the selected object under a different name. | Screen Element| A screen element is an object on the screen, such as a button or a ruler. | Search Subfolders| Use the Search Subfolders option in the Advanced Find dialog box to extend your search through the current folder and all of its subfolders. @49| Section| A section is a portion of a form. A form contains at least one section, but can contain others. The most common sections used on forms are the heading and detail sections. | Select| You select, or highlight, an object by clicking it with the mouse. In order to work with an object, you must first select it. | Select Query| A select query retrieves a set of records based on the fields and criteria designated in the design grid. @61| Selecting| Selecting is highlighting an object or data in order to perform a command or operation. | Selection Bar| The selection bar is an unmarked area in the left margin of a document that allows for easy data selection. Selection Query| A selection query searches for and creates a Recordset of all records that meet designated criteria. | Shadowed Button| Use the Shadowed Button to apply a border around the control and a shadow box behind it. | Shadowing Text| When you shadow text, you add a drop-shadow behind it. You can use shadowing for emphasis. | SHIFT| The [SHIFT] key on the keyboa rd is used in conjunction with other keys and mouse actions to capitalize letters and perform various commands and functions. | SHIFT+Click| [SHIFT+Click] is the process of holding down the [SHIFT] key while pressing the left mouse button. SHIFT+TAB| Use [SHIFT+TAB] to move one column to the left. | Shortcut| A shortcut points to an application or document in another location and is represented by an icon with an arrow at the bottom. | Shortcut Menu| A shortcut menu shows a list of context-sensitive options. (See Right-click Menu. )| Show Table Button| Use the Show Table button to open a dialog box that lets you add a table to the query or the Relationships window| Show Table Dialog Box| The Show Table dialog box lets you add tables to your query. | Single-column Report| A single-column report prints all the data in one column. The quickest way to produce one that allows you to choose your fields is to use Report Wizard, then select Vertical under layout options. | Size Mode| Size Mode specifies how a graphic will be sized. | Sizing Handles| Sizing handles are the small black boxes on the corners, sides, tops, and bottoms of selected text boxes or controls. You can resize the selected object by clicking-and-dragging one of these handles. | Sort| When you sort data in a report, you tell Access that you want the data arranged in a certain order. For example, you might want to sort order records by date ordered. You also can sort items within a group. | Sort Row| Use the Sort row to designate how the records will be sorted. The sort options available are ascending, descending, or not sorted. If you wish to sort records by the Cost field, then you would designate this in the Sort cell of the Cost column. | Special Effects| Access lets you change the appearence of a selected control by applying one of the following special effects: Flat, Raised, Sunken, Etched, Shadowed, Chisled. | Specific Record Box| The Specific Record box tells you the number of the current record. Status Bar| The status bar is a horizontal line of information located at the bottom of the Access window. It may provide instructions or descriptions as you work in Access. | Status Box| The status box is an informational panel on one end of the Taskbar that provides information about the system. | Style| The style is the appearance of the report, including font styles, borders, and colors. Access has a number of preformatted s tyles from which to choose. | Subfolders| Subfolders are folders within folders. | Subform| A subform is a form within a main form and can be displayed as a datasheet or as a single or continuous form. Summary Report| A summary report takes all of the records in a table or query and, instead of listing each record separately, it summarizes or condenses them. | Switchboard| A switchboard is a form that allows you to open other reports or forms or to perform other actions. It is particularly useful when creating a database that will be used by those who are not proficient in Access. | Tabbed Form| A tabbed form contains more than one page for each record. | Table| A table is a feature, comprised of parallel columns and rows, which is used to store, organize, and view data on a particular topic. A single database may contain numerous tables containing information about related topics, such as customer addresses, product prices, and order information. | Table Design View Window| The Table Design view window is divided into two halves. The top half allows you to select or add fields, while the bottom half shows the properties of the selected field. | Table View Button| Use the Table View button to switch between the Design and Datasheet views of your table. | Table Views| There are two places to work with tables in Access: Design view and Datasheet view. Table Wizard| The Table Wizard provides step-by-step help in creating a table, selecting the fields, designating a primary key, and naming the table. | Tabs| Tabs are the titles of the cards found in some dialog boxes. Clicking one brings that card to the front. | Text Box Button| Use the Text Box button to create a text box. @75| Text Box Mouse Pointer| The mouse pointer changes to a text box pointer when you can insert a tex t box in a form or report. | Text Boxes| A text box is an area on a form or report where data fields can be shown or changed. Tick Mark Labels| Tick mark labels are the names that are applied to each section designated by tick marks. | Tick Marks| Tick marks are small marks that divide the sections of data along the axes of a bar chart. | Title Bar| The title bar is the area at the top of a window that contains the name of the application or open file. | Tool| A tool is a shortcut button, usually shown on a bar near the top of a window, that provides quick access to a commonly used command. | Toolbar| A toolbar is a group of tools of usually related functions. | Toolbox Button| Use the Toolbox button to toggle between opening and closing the toolbox. ToolTip| A ToolTip is a descriptive label that appears when the mouse pointer is held over a tool. | Truncated| Truncated text is the shortening or abbreviation of text due to limited display space. | Unbound Control| An unbound control in a form or report is not linked to a table or query and is usually a label, line, or graphic. | Ungrouping Objects| Ungrouping objects allows you to work with each part of a grouped object individually. | Unit Of Measure| The Unit of Measure options for labels are as follows: English, which lists the available label sizes in inches. Metric, which lists the available label sizes in millimeters. | Up One Level Button| Use the Up One Level button to access the next higher-level folder on the computer. | Update Queries| An update query makes a change to designated records. | Wizards| Wizards guide you through difficult tasks using step-by-step dialog boxes. | WYSIWYG| WYSIWYG is an acronym for What You See Is What You Get, meaning that what you see on the screen should be what prints on the page. | † WIZARDs ®Ã¢â‚¬   â€Å"Time is gold. † As a leader, it is really hard to let your member decide whether it is final or not. This is just my observation about our cooperation to fulfill our final documentation. Position: leader Name: Joel Gaano Balderama Address: San Agustin, Irosin, Sorsogon Civil Status: Single Course: Bachelor of Science in Computer Science â€Å"Being responsible is and honor we can give and an honor we can get. † As a member of a team, we shall always be approachable and available so that we can fulfill our duties. Position: Assistant/ Documentator/Program designer Name: Anne Christine Tenes Grajo Address: Cogon, Irosin, Sorsogon Course: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology E-mail Address: [emailprotected] com It is really hard to make a thesis†¦but with the aid of cooperation of the co-members it makes our works lighter than it seems. † Position: Assistant/ Programmer Name: Riza Monte Garcia Address: Burabod, Bagsangan, Irosin, Sorsogon Course: Bachelor of Science in Computer Science E-mail Address: [emailprotected] com â€Å"As a member I can see that eac h and everyone is willing to learn something new about all techniques involve in realization of our thesis†¦ And I can see that it is really effective†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Position: Member/ Financier Name: Rico Fortes Gile Address: Patag, Irosin, Sorsogon Course: Bachelor of Science in Computer Science E-mail Address: [emailprotected] com â€Å"All the hardworks has it fruitful rewards†¦ this is the presumption I am having as we do our thesis documentation†¦ All the efforts we have made is simply a ‘gathered-fruit’ though our own time of preparations. † Position: Member/ Financier Name: Arlyn Loberia Nanoz Address: Omagom, Gulang-gulang, Irosin, Sorsogon Course: Bachelor of Science in Computer Science E-mail Address: [emailprotected] com. ph â€Å"Time is very important in preparing this kind of documentation†¦ We encounter repetition of printing and then in editing of redundancies of our thesis. As a member I am very much concern about my co-members participation. † Position: Member/ Financier Name: Vincent Paul Herrera Fundano Address: San Pedro, Irosin, Sorsogon Course: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology E-mail Address: [emailprotected] com â€Å"In the preparation of our thesis I was amazed by my co-members for their patience in finalizing this kind of documentation†¦ They had the perseverance to finish our task†¦ And by this I was influenced to cooperate with them. At least I do contribute my time and effort. † Position: Secretary/ Financier Name: Mary Jane Lacsa Alunan Address: Bacolod, Irosin, Sorsogon Course: Bachelor of Science in Computer Science E-mail Address: [emailprotected]