How far did communism manage to proceed along the road to a classless Essay

How far did communism manage to proceed along the road to a classless society - Essay Example Gradually, the worker became a victim of injustice, harassment and exploitation. Protest movements originated. According to Karl Marx, a great social thinker and reformer, the root cause of exploitation is traced to private ownership of the means of production. If this ownership is transferred to State, exploitation will cease! When the exploiter class has been finally done with, with no chances of its rising to power again, the State will be replaced by a classless society. Since there is no private property in a communist state, the individual is reduced to a cog in the giant state wheel. The old exploiter has been removed and a new exploiter has taken over. In the name of defeating the counter-revolutionaries, the state apparatus becomes more and more totalitarian. The process of dehumanization of the individual gets accelerated. This has been the post-revolution picture in many communist countries. The so-called great ideals of classless society supposed to be achieved in a perfect state of communism, have proved to be mirage. Those who still swear by the communist ideology, amidst its failures in many countries, do so for their political advantage, and not with the passion for the welfare of the workers. They are just beating the dead corpse. â€Å"The Pope calls Marxist ideology inhumane and essentially impossible, he recalls that history has confirmed his position towards Marxism to be correct. The â€Å"illusion† of a classless society, Pope Benedict XVI says, â€Å"has vanished†. Instead of Communist political maximalism the Pope suggests patient charitable and spiritual activity to fight for more justice in the world.† (O’Brien et. el, 2006) None can deny that Communist rulers are to be blamed for some of the heinous crimes recorded in the human history. Marxist teachings validate such crimes. The concept of classless society, though it has remained as an unattainable dream so far, the positive effects

Ride Of The Second Horseman :: essays research papers fc

Robert O’Connell explains to us the decline of organized warfare between people. This is stated in three different regions of argument; the nomads having to change to cope with the new geographic changes find it easier to just try to take the agriculturalists food sources rather then find their own. Second the new divisions of government cause a more humanistic approach to settle disagreements rather then warfare, and thirdly the total demise of how warfare once was. The shift to domesticated farming, away from nomadic pastorals, led to a clash between these two subsistence patterns. The nomads, facing geographic change and poor food supplies, attempted to make their way down from the hills and take on the agriculturalist. This is the only way the nomads could keep a steady food source. ‘Cultures that knew nothing of war suddenly began suffering unprovoked attacks by terrifying strangers.’(13) This shows you the kind of bloodthirsty savages the nomads were, their way of life was changing and they weren’t ready for it to change. ‘So it is that these voracious ant armies number in the millions, just as major outbreaks of nomadic aggression were characteristically preceded by inertial congregations. If there is strength in numbers among the sedentary, there is only hunger among the nomadic.’(21) Again this shows how the nomadic are going hungry and have no way to turn except to fight for food. The agriculturalist have superior strength in numbers and after a few attacks from the nomads the will be ready to take them out for good and worry about them no more. This new age of society is just too profitable for them to leave it, crops that a few men farm yielding the food for twenty. The economics itself are just to great to turn back now. ‘The key to such realti0onships is mutualism, with booth plant and animal oolong in ways that intensify the partnership†¦In the period between 8500 BC and AD 1 the great majority of humans made the transition from wild food to planting and harvesting domesticated crops-a span of only eight and a half millennia in the more than four-million history of our line.’(55) Once more you see the demise of the nomads, the ability to culture nature to how humans want it; it’s just to easy. So why continue to keep picking up and moving your entire group when you could just center out of one area and have ever possible thing you could need to sup port yourself.

Cuban Culture

Cuban culture is known to be very expressive and vivid, because it inherited the mixture of Spanish and African cultures. Therefore Cuban culture is sometimes referred to as â€Å"melting point† of cultures. Firstly it is necessary to underline that interactions between parents and children are really special, because the family is the most important in their lives and very often several generations are living together in the same house. It is partly to economic situation and traditions. Therefore interactions in the family are friendly and open.Children display respect to elder generations as well as for teachers in schools. Nevertheless, it is common for them to refer to teachers by their first names. They use â€Å"Senor† only when addressing a foreigner with a higher social rank. (Cultural Information 2006) Concerning communications styles it is known that Cubans prefer to stand very close in informal situations, especially in line-up or crowd. However, in formal si tuations they tend to keep a distance of approximately two feet. Cubans are fond of eye contact considering it a sign of sincerity.It is apparent that Cubans communicate making lots of gestures and they are able to maintain the communication process even without speaking. The most popular nonverbal gestures used are wrinkling nose asking in such a way â€Å"What did you just say? † and pointing a index finger meaning â€Å"I am referring to a person of color†. Actually it is very important to learn all the gestures and their meanings. (Cultural Information 2006) Cubans always use gestures as well as facial expression to emphasize and to illustrate something. Especially they speak in a very loud voice. Their emotions are displayed in an open manner and in public.Display of affection is accepted whereas display of anger and negative emotions in public is considered negative behavior and is strongly criticized. Exaggerated manners are a part of Cuban culture; however it i s not accepted as good social pattern of behavior. Cubans tend to be very expressive. Concerning nonverbal communication it is necessary also to mention shaking hands with both women and men and giving a kiss. (Cultural Information 2006) Cubans’ communication style is very loud and direct compared with used in USA, England, Canada and other countries, but such style is not offensive.In such a way Cuban express their personality. Often Cuban may refer to even to unknown people with affectionate phrases such as â€Å"sweetheart† (mi amor). Light-hearted humor is appreciated, whereas sarcasm is not. Cubans are known for their sense of humor and very often their jokes refer to social and political situations in the country. Nevertheless, they won’t discuss government with unknown people, because their socialism system doesn’t allow freedom of expressions and they are afraid of becoming enemies of the government. (Cultural Information 2006)Cubans prefer to dre ss more informally compared with other states in Latin America because of scarcity of imported clothing. For example, men rarely wear formal suits. Nevertheless, if the occasion is formal they will wear guayabera (an elegant embroidered shirt for tropical hot weather). Women usually wear skimpy and close-fitting clothing which is not seen in USA. Cuban dress is informal, although it is always neat, ironed and tucked in as most Cubans are neat persons. It is necessary to underline that â€Å"women are respected as professionals, but other than that roles are fairly traditional†.Usually women are doing housework taking care of their children whereas men are relaxing watching TV after the ending of the working day. Concerning sexuality, the atmosphere is liberal and no taboos are applied. It is known that sexual harassments common and not considered serious problem compared with USA and European countries. (Cultural Information 2006) Earlier class differences were apparent and w ealthy were employing the servants. After the revolution the situation changed; property and wealth were redistributed. Nevertheless, nowadays due to economic reforms the slight difference is creeping back into society.The majority of population is considered mulatto i. e. mixed race inherited Spanish and African traits. Race discrimination is prohibited by the law, although â€Å"lingers somewhat in unconscious attitudes and prejudices†. Workplaces are heterogeneous and Cubans are aware of the underlying attitudes. (Cultural Information 2006) The main Cuban religion is Afro-Cuban or Santeria. Cubans worship African gods being identified with a Catholic saint. It is interesting that all religious rituals are expensive and elaborate; they involve even making offerings to the god.However, growth in evangelical and protestant religions is slight. Cubans government doesn’t recognize religious holidays except Christmas. The most important holiday is Mother’s Day and it is accepted to present cards, flowers and small gifts to all the mothers. It is strong evidence that family is the most important for all Cubans. (Cultural Information 2006) It is noted that Cubans don’t have any serious food prohibitions, typically they prefer fried sliced banana, beans and rice, boiled Yucca plant, garlic marinades and different rice dishes.Usually meat is v with a marinade creola style. Cubans are fond of sweet desserts such as yucca crullers in anise-flavoured syrup and guava marmalade with yellow cheese slices. After eating they dance till daybreak and drink rum. In conclusion it is necessary to outline that it is important to establish personal warm and friendly relations with Cubans, because their country is considered politically a very controversial place. Cubans have to know what motivates a person, who he/she is. It is possible to explain personal interest in communicating and display friendliness.Only the Cubans will trust a person and enter in to relations. Actually, it is favorable to talk about family as puts people at ease and provides common ground. It is apparent that Cubans are friendly and expressive people; they won’t hurt anybody without serious reason. They treat people the same way they are treated. Cuban culture in general is a very interesting example for discussion as it combines many cultural heritages. (Cultural Information 2006) References â€Å"Cultural Information: Cuba†. (2006, June 14). Retrieved October, 3, from http://www. intercultures. ca

Energy Efficiency Advancements - 881 Words

Mankind has endeavored to unearth the secrets of the universe since dawn of time. We have strived for each and every innovation. We progress onward working to enhance the things around us whether it is through power, speed or intelligence. However, I posit Nikola Tesla to be correct when he stated, â€Å" If you want to find the secrets of the universe, think in terms of energy, frequency and vibration.† This demonstrates an understanding of the potential that can be uncovered through advancements encompassing not only energy, but also sound waves and oscillations. The research conducted by these scientific areas will impact future innovations for generations. Furthermore, with the expanding challenges upcoming generations will be facing we must continue to further ourselves, progressing to a phase in time where a balance can be established between technology, humanity and our environment. When looking at various evolutions of technology and improvements on past inventio ns plumbing is a good example of our prolonged efforts towards energy efficiency and environmental safety. For example, 8000 B.C. Scotland provides evidence of the first development towards reliable indoor plumbing. Additionally, this piping not only removed unwanted wastes it conveyed clean water back to the community through pipes and troughs. Additional evidence can be found in Iraq, modern Pakistan, and Crete, all created between the years 4000-2000 B.C. These nations each exhibited growthShow MoreRelatedLeasing vs Purchasing5543 Words   |  23 Pagesupgrade its computer equipment. There are two upgrade paths to consider. In this proposal, we demonstrate how equipment leases take advantage of the benefits of reduced depreciation and taxation, easy scalability, reduction of IT staff usage, reduced energy costs, and reduction of capital spending. 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